Abstract

Background: The prevention and treatment of hypertension are a high priority in medicine and public health. It is well documented that blood pressure reduction with medication significantly reduces cardiovascular risk. Exercise remains a cornerstone therapy for the primary prevention, treatment, and control of hypertension. This study aims at analysing the effect of Aerobic exercises on reduction of Blood Pressure in the subject with Pre and Stage 1 hypertension. Material and Methods: In this study patient with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension without any premedication cardiac therapy were selected. They underwent 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training program. The aerobic exercise program consisted of repetitive, low resistance movements for at least 30 to 45 min, at 50% to 70% of Max heart rate, 3 to 4 times per week. The systolic & diastolic blood pressure were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercises training program using Sphygmomanometer and pulse rate was measured by manual method. Results: The result of present study demonstrated a significant difference between group effects in both the Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure. It was found that there was significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure values for pre and stage hypertensive subjects. Conclusions: In conclusion, the inclusion of Aerobic exercise in daily activities is an efficient way of blunting the blood pressure changes in hypertensive patients and it is of high statistical significance (p<0.005). The above mentioned efficiency is more on Stage 1 hypertensive subjects when compared to pre hypertensive subjects.

Keywords: Hypertension · Aerobic Exercise

References

  1. 1.A Kiyonaga, K Arakawa, H Tanaka and M Shindo; Blood pressure and hormonal responses to aerobic exercise; Hypertension1985; 7; 125-131
  2. 2.Darren E.R. Warburton, Crystal Whitney Nicol, and Shannon S.D. Bredin; Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence; CMAJ 2006; 174(6):801-9
  3. 3.Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata, Toshiki Ohta, and Hirofumi Tanaka; How Much Exercise Is Required to Reduce Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertensives: A Dose–Response Study; AJH 2003; 16:629–633
  4. 4.Linda Pescatello, and Barry Franklin; News release: American College of Sports Medicine; March 2004; vol 36: pp 533-
  5. 5.Mark A. Booher, and Bryan W. Smith; Physiological effects of exercise on the cardiopulmonary system; Clin Sports Med 22 (2003) 1– 21
  6. 6.Darren E.R. Warburton, Crystal Whitney Nicol, and Shannon S.D. Bredin ; Prescribing exercise as preventive therapy; CMAJ 2006; 174(7):961-74
  7. 7.Philip B. Mellen, Shana L. Palla, David C. Goff, and Denise E. Bonds; Prevalence of Nutrition and Exercise Counseling for Patients with Hypertension; J Gen Intern Med 2004;19:917–924
  8. 8.Jean Cléroux, Ross D. Feldman, and Robert J. Petrella; Recommendations on physical exercise training; CMAJ • MAY 4, 1999; 160 (9 Suppl)
  9. 9.Gareth Beevers, Gregory Y H Lip, Eoin O'Brien; ABC of hypertension. Blood pressure measurement Part I-Conventional sphygmomanometry: technique of auscultatory blood pressure measurement; BMJ 2001;322:981­5
  10. 10.Gareth Beevers, Gregory Y H Lip, Eoin O'Brien; ABC of hypertension. Blood pressure measurement Part II- Conventional sphygmomanometry: technique of auscultatory blood pressure measurement; BMJ 2001;322:1043­7
  11. 11.Ethel M Frese, Randy R Richter, Tamara V Burlis; Self-Reported Measurement of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Patients by Physical Therapy Clinical Instructors; Physical Therapy 2002; 82 (12), 1192- 1200.
  12. 12.Jan A Staessen, Leszek Bieniaszewski, Karel Pardaens, Victor Petrov, Lutgarde Thijs, and Robert Fagard; Life style as a blood pressure determinant; J R Soc Med 1996;89:484-489
  13. 13.Norman R.C. Campbell, Ellen Burgess, Bernard C.K. Choi, Gregory Taylor, Elinor Wilson, RN, Jean Cléroux, J. George Fodor, Lawrence A. Leiter, and David Spence; Methods and an overview of the Canadian recommendations; CMAJ • MAY 4, 1999; 160 (9 Suppl)
  14. 14.Karen T. Lesniak, and Patricia M. Dubbert; Exercise and hypertension; Current Opinion in Cardiology 2001, 16:356–359
  15. 15.Yukihito Higashi, Shota Sasaki, Nobuo Sasaki, Keigo Nakagawa, Tomohiro Ueda, Atsunori Yoshimizu, Satoshi Kurisu, Hideo Matsuura, Goro Kajiyama and Tetsuya; Daily Aerobic Exercise Improves Reactive Hyperemia in Patients with Essential Hypertension; Hypertension 1999; 33; 591-597
  16. 16.Véronique A. Cornelissen and Robert H. Fagard; Effects of Endurance Training on Blood Pressure, Blood Pressure– Regulating Mechanisms, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors; Hypertension 2005; 46; 667-675 ORIGINAL ARTICLE MAJMAAH J. HEALTH SCIENCES, 2013 – Vol. 1, No. 1 Effect of Aerobic Exercises in Blood Pressure, Abu Shaphe et al. 52
  17. 17.Athanasios J. Manolis; Exercise And Hypertension; European Society of Hypertension Scientific Newsletter: Update on Hypertension Management 2005; 6: No. 23
  18. 18.Peter F. Kokkinos; Exercise as hypertension therapy; Hellenic J Cardiol 2001; 42: 182-192,
  19. 19.Janet P. Wallace; Exercise in Hypertension - A Clinical Review; Sports Med 2003; 33 (8): 1
  20. 20.K. L. D. De Angelis, A. R. Oliveira, A. Werner, P. Bock, A. Belló-Klein, T. G. Fernandes, A. A. Belló, and M. C. Irigoyen; Exercise Training in Aging: Hemodynamic, Metabolic, and Oxidative Stress Evaluations; Hypertension, Sep 1997; 30: 767 - 771.
  21. 21.Gang Hu, Noël C. Barengo, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Timo A. Lakka, Aulikki Nissinen, and Pekka Jousilahti; Relationship of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index to the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Study in Finland; Hypertension, Jan 2004; 43: 25 -
  22. 22.Schwartz RS, Hirth VA; The effects of endurance and resistance training on blood pressure; Intl J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1995; 19(suppl 4):S52-S57
  23. 23.Braith RW, Pollock ML, Lowenthal DT, et al; Moderateand high-intensity exercise lowers blood pressure in normotensive subjects 60 to 79 years of age; Am J Cardiol 1994; 73(15):1124-1128
  24. 24.Lim PO, MacFadyen RJ, Clarkson PB, et al; Impaired exercise tolerance in hypertensive patients; Ann Intern Med 1996; 124(1 pt 1):41-55
  25. 25.Arroll B, Beaglehole R; Does physical activity lower blood pressure? A critical review of the clinical trials; J Clin Epidemiol 1992; 45(5):439-447
  26. 26.Kelley G, McClellan P; Antihypertensive effects of aerobic exercise: a brief metaanalysis review of randomized controlled trials; Am J Hypertens 1994; 7(2):115-119
  27. 27.Halbert JA, Silagy CA, Finucane P, et al; The effectiveness of exercise training in lowering blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of 4 weeks or longer; J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(10):641-649
  28. 28.Kelley G; Dynamic resistance exercise and resting blood pressure in adults: a metaanalysis; J Appl Physiol 1997;82(5):1559- 1565
Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences · eISSN 1658-8223 · Majmaah University · open access