Abstract

Introduction: Good posture is that state of muscular and skeletal balance which protects the supporting structures of the body against injury or progressive deformity. Forward shoulder posture is considered as one of the common postural problem in normal asymptomatic young adults. Various stretching techniques and strengthening exercises play a major role to decrease the forward shoulder posture effectively. So this study was intended to find the effectiveness of Static and PNF Stretching along with strengthening techniques on forward shoulder posture. Method: Thirty asymptomatic young adults who have forward shoulder posture were selected for this study and divided into two groups. One group received Static and the other group received PNF stretching for a six week stretching along with strengthening Programme, three times per week. Result: Both static and PNF groups showed improvement in forward shoulder posture and range of motion of both right and left shoulders. Conclusion: Although during first two weeks there was no much improvement in forward shoulder posture but from third week onwards PNF group showed marked improvement compared to other group who received static stretching

Keywords: Forward shoulder posture · Static stretching · PNF Stretching · Plumbline

References

  1. 1.Barbara Tyldesley, June I Grieve: Muscles, Nerves & Movement- Kinesiology in Daily Living.
  2. 2.Bruce Greenfield et al: “Posture in patients with shoulder overuse injuries and healthy individuals.”JOSPT; vol 21;May 1995.
  3. 3.Carrie M Hall& Lori Thein Brody: Therapeutic Exercise-Moving Toward Function, 1999.
  4. 4.Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby: Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques, 5th ed, 2007
  5. 5.Che Hsiang Wang et al: “ Stretching and strengthening exercises: their effect on 3 dimensional scapular kinematics.” Arch Phy Med Rehabil. Vol 80;Aug 1999.
  6. 6.David J Magee: Orthopedic Physical Assessment, 4th Ed; 2006.
  7. 7.Daniels, Worthingham: Muscle Testing –Techniques Of Manual Examination, 8th ed, 2002
  8. 8.Donatelli Wooden: Orthopedics Physical Therapy, 3rd Ed; 2001.
  9. 9.Debra E Peterson et al: “ Investigation of the validity and reliability of four objective techniques for measuring forward shoulder posture.” JOSPT; vol 25;Jan 1997.
  10. 10.Diveta J et al: “Relationship between performance of selected scapular muscles and scapular abduction in standing subjects.” Physical Therapy; Vol 70,470-479,1990.
  11. 11.John D Borstad et al: “ Resting Position Variables At The Shoulder: Evidence to support a posture impairment association.” Physical Therapy; vol 86,April 2006.
  12. 12.John D Borstad et al: “Measurement of pectoralis minor muscle length: Validation and clinical application.”JOSPT, vol 38,April 2008.
  13. 13.Kim Jones, Karen Barker: Human Movement Explained; 2002.
  14. 14.Lynn S Lippert: Clinical Kinesiology AndAnantomy, 4th Ed, 2007.
  15. 15.Laura K Smith, Elizabeth L Weiss, L Don Lehmkuhl: Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology, 5th ed, 1998.
  16. 16.M.D.Gardiner: The principles of Exercise Therapy: 4th ed, 1995
  17. 17.Pamela K Levangie and Cynthia C Norkin: Joint Structure And Function :A ComprehensiveAnalysis,3rd ed ,2001.
  18. 18.Patricia Griegel – Morris et al: “Incidence of common postural abnormalities in the cervical, shoulder and thoracic regions Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 4, No. (1), May 2016 - Sha’ban 1437 Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi et al. A study to compare the efficacy of Static stretching ... 13 and their association with pain in two age groups of healthy subjects.” Physical therapy; vil 72, June 1992.
  19. 19.Philip W McClure et al: “Shoulder functionand3dimensionalkinematicsinpeople with shoulder impingement syndrome before and after a 6 week exercise Programme.” Physical Therapy; vol 84,Sept 2004.
  20. 20.Philip W McClure et al: “Shoulder function and 3 dimensional scapular kinematics in people with and without shoulder impingement syndrome.” Physical Therapy,vol 86;Aug 2006.
  21. 21.Raine S et al: “Head and shoulder posture variations in 160 asymptomatic women and men.”JOSPT; Jan 1997,vol 25:34-42.
  22. 22.R Steinler: Kinesiology Of Human Body
  23. 23.S SAdler D Beckers M Buck: PNF in practice
  24. 24.S.J.Britnell et al: “Postural health in women: The role of physiotherapy.” J obstet- Gyneacol can; 2005,27; 493-500
  25. 25.Susan B O Sullivan; Thomas J Schmitz: Physical Rehabilitation, 5th ed, 2007
  26. 26.Thomas M Cook et al: “ Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement.”PhysicalTherapy,vol 80;March 2000.
  27. 27.Tortora Grabowski: Principles of AnatomyAnd Physiology
  28. 28.S.Lakshminarayanan: Textbook Of Therapeutic Exercises:2005
  29. 29.D.Joyce White, Cynthia C Norkin: Measurement Of Joint Motion-A Guide To Goniometry,3rd ed,2003.
Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences · eISSN 1658-8223 · Majmaah University · open access