Effect of Bariatric Surgeries on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Single Institution Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background and Aim: Recently bariatric surgeries became trend for obese individuals. As known obesity is major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aim to describe effect of bariatric surgeries on cardiovascular risk factors including glycemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, and weight for patients registered at tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Retrospective cohort including obese patients who underwent bariatric surgeries at King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah between 2013 and February 2016. Results: Total of 566 patients aged 34.8±10.2 years at time of operation. More than half were females (58.1%). Almost all patients underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (95.9%). Diabetes and hypertension were the most prevalent comorbidities (24.8% and 18.9%, respectively). There is significant reduction in mean Body Mass Index from 47.6 kg/m2 to 31.8 kg/m2 and in Glycosylated Hemoglobin from 6.8% to 5.7% at 24 months of follow-up (p<0.001 for both parameters). Baseline High Density Lipoprotein (44.4 mg/dl), non-HDL cholesterol (147.1 mg/dl) and triglyceride (123.6 mg/dl) improved significantly to reach 52.3 mg/dl, 137.7 mg/dl and 78.5 mg/dl, respectively at one-year post-operative follow-up. Out of 79 hypertensive patients, 57 patients had remission of hypertension in last follow-up (p<0.001). Among diabetic patients, seventy-one (18.8%) had complete remission, and 21 (5.6%) had partial remission from diabetes in the last follow-up. Significant decrease shown in predicted ten-years risk of cardiovascular disease from 7.4% to 5.5% (p<0.001). Conclusions: Obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors can be controlled significantly after bariatric surgeries. It also decreasing ten-years predicted cardiovascular disease risk within short term follow-up.

References

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