Knowledge and concerns of lumbar puncture procedure among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background and Aims: Lumbar puncture (LP), or spinal tap, is an essential invasive procedure for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Despite its significance, fear, uncertainty, and lack of awareness often lead to refusal. Studies suggest increasing knowledge improves attitudes toward LP. However, limited research has examined public awareness in Saudi Arabia. This study evaluates knowledge and attitudes toward LP among Makkah’s population to guide education, reduce anxiety, and enhance acceptance of this vital procedure. This study evaluated the general public’s knowledge and attitudes toward LP procedures in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, to identify gaps and inform educational interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 385 participants from various demographics. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing familiarity, knowledge, and attitudes towards LP. Knowledge levels were categorized as poor, good, or excellent based on percentage scores. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and median/range were used for data, while Pearson’s Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test assessed associations. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study found that 65.1% (n=250) of participants had heard of LP, but only 9.1% (n=35) had personal experience with the procedure. Knowledge levels were predominantly poor (52.1%), with only 5.5% achieving excellent knowledge. Attitudes were generally positive; 74.7% had a good attitude towards LP. Notably, 56.5% (n=217) preferred receiving a detailed explanation if LP was recommended, and 67.7% (n=260) were willing to sign a consent letter; however, 36.8% (n=141) preferred alternative treatments over LP. The study also highlighted significant fear of needles, particularly in the vertebral column (77.3%, n=297). Gender did not significantly affect knowledge levels (p=0.37). Age had a significant impact, with younger participants (18–25 years) having higher knowledge (p<0.001). Marital status and occupation also affected knowledge, with singles and students showing higher levels (p=0.002 and p<0.001). Health insurance status was significant (p=0.004). Nationality, residence, and income showed no significant differences (p=0.65, 0.79, 0.51). Conclusion: Despite generally upbeat attitudes, the findings indicate a significant gap in public knowledge about lumbar puncture. The study underscores the need for targeted educational interventions to improve understanding and address fears associated with LP.

References

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