Postpartum Depression in Primigravida and Multigravida: Prevalence and Risk Factors in Taif

Abstract

Background and Aims: PPD, or postpartum depression, is a serious mental health issue affecting mothers and their families, with prevalence rates in high-income countries between 6.9–12.9% and in low or middle-income countries over 20%. It affects the health of the mother, the child, and the family. The study aimed to measure PPD prevalence among primigravida and multigravida in Taif City, Saudi Arabia, identify associated risk factors, and provide recommendations to improve health quality. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers in Taif City, Saudi Arabia, starting from June 4, using an online survey disseminated via Google platforms. Results: The study showed that PPD prevalence was highest among women aged 26-30 years (p = 0.028). The history of PPD was a key predictor, affecting 78.2% of those with prior episodes. First-time pregnancies increased PPD risk. Supportive husbands, reported by 73.7% of participants, were linked to lower PPD rates. Comorbidities like depression and anxiety were present in 38.5% of participants and correlated with higher PPD rates. Education and income showed no significant link to PPD, but having two children was associated with a 66.7% prevalence. Emotional factors, such as disappointment over the baby’s gender (82.8% PPD prevalence) and “horrible” delivery experiences (70.3% PPD prevalence), significantly contributed to PPD. Conclusion: Our study highlighted that nearly half of the women assessed had PPD. The history of PPD increases the risk of recurrence, making monitoring essential. Key PPD indicators included prior PPD, difficult delivery experiences, and anxiety or despair during delivery.

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