Abstract

Real-time cardiac monitoring is an important component of body sensor networks. Due to its typical bandwidth requirements, Bluetooth is often the protocol of choice for wireless transmission from the cardiac monitoring nodes. In order to make the node small and wearable, improving energy efficiency is desirable as otherwise we end up either making the battery too big or changing it too often. In this paper we focus on optimizing energy consumption in cardiac data transmission while providing low latency. We show that this problem can be posed as a geometric program, which belongs to class of convex optimization problems. We analyse the issue based on data bandwidth requirements and latency constraints. The results are mapped to different data type specifications in Bluetooth and recommendations are drawn accordingly.

Keywords: cardiac monitoring · convex optimisation · Bluetooth · energy consumption

References

  1. 1.J. Ko, C. Lu, M. B. Srivastava, J. A. Stankovic, A. Terzis, and M. Welsh, “Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare,” Proceedings of IEEE, vol. 98, no. 11, pp. 1947–1960, Nov. 2010.
  2. 2.A. K. Triantafyllidis, V. G. Koutkias, I. Chouvarda, and N. Maglaveras, “A pervasive health system integrating patient monitoring, status logging and social sharing.,” IEEE Journal of Biomed. Heal. informatics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 30–7, Jan. 2013.
  3. 3.M. A. Hanson, H. C. P. Jr, A. T. Barth, K. Ringgenberg, B. H. Calhoun, J. H. Aylor, and J. Lach, “Body Area Sensor Networks :,” vol. I, 2009.
  4. 4.P. Rashidi and A. Mihailidis, “A Survey on Ambient-Assisted Living Tools for Older Adults,” IEEE J. Biomed. Heal. Informatics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 579–590, May 2013.
  5. 5.U. T. Pandya and U. B. Desai, “A novel algorithm for Bluetooth ECG.,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3148–54, Nov. 2012.
  6. 6.M. Seyedi, B. Kibret, D. T. H. Lai, and M. Faulkner, “A survey on intrabody communications for body area network applications.,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engineering , vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2067–79, Aug. 2013.
  7. 7.R. Balani, “Energy consumption analysis forbluetooth,wifiandcellularnetworks,” [Online. http//nesl. ee. ucla. edu/fw/ documents/reports/balani.htm, assessed Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 4, issue 2, November 2016 - Safar 1438 S. Karthiga Kannan et al. Cystic oral lesions of salivary gland origin in children. Case series – An Observational study 63 2nd December 2013.]
  8. 8.U. R. Shoaib, O. Rehman, Z. Akbar, and J. Iqbal, “Performance Evaluation of Bluetooth and Zigbee Using Monte Carlo Simulation,” International journal of computer science issues, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 235–237, 2012.
  9. 9.H. Li and J. Tan, “Body sensor network based ECG segmentation and analysis.,” Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., vol. 2007, pp. 5166–9, Jan. 2007.
  10. 10.J. Linsky, “Bluetooth and power consumption : issues and answers,” rfdesign.com, November 2001, pp. 74– 80, .
  11. 11.T. Bourk, P. Hauser, and D. Roberts, “Simple pairing - Whitepaper” Bluetooth SIG, 2006, revision- 10r00.
  12. 12.“Bluetooth specifications : Logical link control and adaption protocol” SIG, July 1999, pp. 247-314.
  13. 13.Aharon Ben-Taly and Arkadi Nemirovski, ”LECTURES ON MODERN CONVEX OPTIMIZATION”, Georgia Institute of Technology, Fall 2013. Accessed online, http://www.isye.gatech.edu/faculty-staff/ profile.php?entry=an63 , June 2014.
  14. 14.“Advanced user manual”, Rowing networks, version 4.77, 2009.
Majmaah Journal of Health Sciences · eISSN 1658-8223 · Majmaah University · open access