Knowledge and awareness level of risk factors, symptoms, and complications about MASLD among the population in Al-Baha city, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an emerging global health concern, particularly in regions with rising rates of metabolic conditions. Awareness and knowledge of MASLD remain inadequate, potentially hindering early detection and prevention. This study aimed to assess knowledge and awareness of MASLD among residents of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 444 participants using a structured Arabic questionnaire. Data collected included awareness of MASLD, knowledge of its causes, symptoms, stages, and treatments. Awareness and knowledge levels were classified as low, moderate, or high. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: Overall, 38.1% of respondents had heard of MASLD, while 50.9% were completely unaware of the disease. Although 56.3% recognized MASLD as harmful, 51.6% were uncertain about its life-threatening potential. Significant knowledge gaps were identified regarding disease causes, progression, and treatment, with 68.7% unaware of standard management options. Most participants demonstrated low awareness (44.6%) and poor knowledge levels (46.4%). Among demographic variables, only gender showed a significant association with knowledge levels, with males demonstrating lower knowledge than females. Conclusions: Substantial gaps exist in MASLD awareness and knowledge among Al-Baha residents. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health initiatives to improve disease awareness and understanding of associated risks. Educational programs should emphasize prevention strategies, early detection, and available treatment options to reduce MASLD burden in the general population.